Budget openness is a new phenomenon in public administration and in the socio-economic life of society, which appeared due to the development of information technologies. Monitoring of openness shows significant inequality in the level of budget transparency in different countries. The article examines the role and place of budget openness in modern concepts of public administration, such as the concept of M. Weber (Weberian), New Public Management and Good Governance. The work reveals the features of the implementation of budget openness mechanisms in the considered concepts of public administration and their causes. Also, proposals are formulated to increase the openness of the budgets so that it can work to improve the efficiency of public finance management. Promising areas of research include the development of mechanisms to improve the economic efficiency of public finance management through open budgets.

Over the past decade ecosystems have become an important part of the economy, ensuring innovative business growth and progressive socio-economic development of Russia. However, to clearly understand the essence of the ecosystem in the economy, it is necessary to systematize the existing theoretical positions. The article identifies the main theoretical approaches to the development of the ecosystem concept in the economy. Based on their analysis and generalization, the evolution of the ecosystem concept from the field of ecology to economy is shown, approaches to understanding the ecosystem as a business environment and as a business model are revealed and the main features of the metaphorical use of the term “ecosystem” are determined. In addition, derived meso- and macroeconomic categories of the ecosystem are identified, emphasizing the systemic nature of socioeconomic development.

The article is devoted to the problem of unequal exchange in the global economy. A comparative analysis of different theoretical approaches has been carried out, both those denying the existence of this phenomenon (the development of the tradition of the neoclassical school) and the theories of international trade and division of labor based on it (the development of the tradition of Marxist political economy). The article presents different methods for assessing the equivalence of exchange in international trade. The author provides calculations of the labor exchange coefficient for the Russian economy with its main trading partners. Based on them, a conclusion was made about Russia’s semi-peripheral position in the international division of labor.

On May 7, 2024, the President of the Russian Federation signed Decree No. 309 “On the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the future up to 2036”, which formulated the priorities of Russian public administration for the next six years and for the twelve-year perspective. The paper shows the continuity of the structure of national goals, starting from 2018, and briefly analyzes each of the seven national goals outlined in Decree No. 309. In particular, the relevance of the formulated national goals for the successful socio-economic development of the country was confirmed, the risks that should be taken into account when planning measures to achieve national goals were identified. The article shows that specific work on their implementation has already begun and noticeable changes are taking place in certain areas.

A necessary condition for Russia to achieve technological sovereignty is the strengthening of the national sector of information and communication technologies, which ensures digital transformation of the economy, social sphere, state and corporate governance. The state plays a key role in supporting the development of this sector. Supportive and stimulating measures adopted by the Russian government after an unprecedented increase in sanctions pressure on the country ensured a generally positive development of the sector in 2022-2024. At the same time, their prolongation and improvement, especially in the area of investment support for implemented and planned projects, is an urgent task, the solution of which requires scientific substantiation.

Entrepreneurs often encounter challenges related to capital dilution and diminished control over strategic development when forming equity capital. The author proposes the adoption of multiple voting shares as a potential solution to this problem. It has been disclosed that a joint-stock company can issue multiple voting shares at various stages of its life cycle. The circulation of these shares is limited due to their conversion into ordinary shares during purchase and sale transactions, or in case of a specified duration of circulation prohibition. The implementation of a voting multiplier has been announced; clarifying that possessing multiple voting shares does not entitle the owner to extra dividend payments. Conversely, multiple voting shares are transformed into common shares at a one-to-one ratio determined by market value. The result of the study of the economic essence of multiple voting shares was the identification and analysis of the option component of this security. Therefore, there exists the potential to adopt an innovative method of generating financing opportunities for the company by introducing multiple voting shares that encompass the advantages of ordinary shares and a derivative financial instrument.

Given the current state of the Russian financial market, where multiple voting shares are exclusively accessible to international companies, the author has developed proposals to modify the existing Russian legislation. These modifications will enable the standardization of equity formation practices among Russian joint-stock companies, while also enhancing the investment appeal of the Russian market for investors from allied states, where the trading of multiple voting shares is permitted.

In 2024, it has been exactly 10 years since the Russian financial market was under the influence of economic sanctions from the leading countries of the world economy. Despite attempts to destabilize and degrade the Russian market, the shocks from international sanctions have not had a serious destructive effect on it. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of sanctions restrictions on various segments of the Russian financial market and determine the extent to which sanctions can contribute to its transformation and stable development. Statistical analysis for 2004–2023 showed that international sanctions have a negative impact: volatility in the money and capital markets has increased, the Russian ruble has devalued, and inflation has surged. At the same time, the sanctions contributed to the sovereignization of the Russian financial market, the growth of which began to be determined by internal sources of financing. The further development of the Russian financial market should be associated with reforms aimed at attracting domestic investment into the economy, unconventional monetary policy and reducing the outflow of private capital, as well as appealing to financial investments from friendly countries.

This article examines the impact of sanctions concerns on the inflation expectations of the Russian population during the period of large-scale sanctions in 2022–2023. Using the methods of text processing of data from posts and comments on the social network, indicators of inflation expectations and sanctions concern were built with a weekly frequency and then used in econometric modeling. By evaluating autoregressive models of the integrated moving average with generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity in residuals and exogenous regressors (ARIMA-X-GARCH-X), an attempt has been made to model both the value and volatility of inflation expectations. As a result, it was revealed that increased sanctions concern, other things being equal, leads to an increase in inflation expectations, but does not affect the uncertainty of the population regarding inflation expectations. Despite the detection of weak structural changes, the degree of impact of sanctions concern on the inflation expectations of the Russian population is relatively stable in the period from March 2022 to December 2023.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the approaches to ensuring financial literacy and financial inclusion in the 2020s and the tools for its implementation in the five “old” BRICS countries. The focus of the efforts of such states as Brazil, China, and India on financial inclusion has been determined, while for the Republic of South Africa the basic financial skills of the population for the functioning of financial markets and the capital market are primary, and Russia, in turn, declares its goal is not only to instill the skills of correct and reasonable financial behavior, but to create the financial culture of all citizens. The key target groups of the population for financial education have been identified, among which are women entrepreneurs in India and the Republic of South Africa, entrepreneurs in Russia, and schoolchildren in China occupy an important place. The most important tools for improving financial literacy for each of the BRICS countries are highlighted, including the maintenance of unified state portals, educational programs at the state and corporate levels.

As investment interaction deepens and expands within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (hereinafter referred to as the SCO), the number of investment disputes between states is growing, the significance of which has especially increased in recent years. In this article, the authors raise the question of which dispute resolution method should be used between SCO member states with a view to better ensure the interests of all parties and to further strengthen protections of investments. The authors mainly use methods of analysis of scientific literature and judicial practice to study the current problems faced by the SCO member states in the field of investment arbitration. In addition, the authors propose for the future various options for resolving investment disputes within the SCO with the aim of constantly improving the mechanism for resolving disputes and disagreements.