The article considers a wide range of scientific researches of the Institute of Economics of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the challenges in the management of the national economy, which made a significant contribution both to the development of theoretical issues in economic science and to the solution of practical national economic problems at various stages of the country’s history. Among the problems addressed are the following. Formation of management thought and scientific school of public administration at the Institute of Economics of the USSR Academy of Sciences since its foundation in 1930. Theoretical research and the search for solutions to major national economic problems as a scientific profile and prerequisites for the development of management thought. The main lines of research activity of the Institute in the post-war period, the beginning of a long wave of reformation, transition to a post-mobilization model of economics and management.

The article examines the history of the formation and development of the management school that emerged at the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences during the period of Russia’s transition to a market economy. The stages, directions and innovative results of both theoretical and applied management research in the post-Soviet period are highlighted. Among the wide range of issues that are the subject of management research, particular attention is paid to the formation of new areas of management science, a significant contribution to the development of which was made by the work of the Institute’s research team. A meaningful description of the stages of the scientific school’s evolution is given in the context of ongoing transformational processes in the Russian economy, which present new management challenges. The institutional aspect of research, modern challenges and strategic trends in the development of management science are considered in detail.

In 1941, most of the employees of the Institute of Economics of the USSR Academy of Sciences volunteered to join the active army and fought the fascists until complete victory. Some of the Institute’s employees continued their scientific work, but mainly on military topics. During the Great Patriotic War scientists of the Institute wrote more than 30 books on pressing issues of war and defense. In the post-war period, they actively developed the problems of the economy of the Great Patriotic War, preparation for war, and the restoration of the national economy. This is evidenced by many publications and, above all, a special 5th volume of the seven-volume “History of the Socialist Economy of the USSR”, for which the authors were awarded the USSR State Prize.

The purpose of this work is to develop a new method for analyzing economic crises that allows for timely detection of signs of emerging threats. Definitions of concepts are given, the main parameters of a crisis and parameters of crisis diffusion are determined. A model of crisis propagation as a sum of two logistic curves is presented. A multi-level system of indicators for monitoring economic crises with an information update period of one month has been developed. An algorithm for monitoring an economic crisis is proposed that includes six stages: a preliminary stage associated with the analysis of possible root causes and triggers of a crisis; monitoring of leading indicators; multi-level operational monitoring of economic crises; processing, generalization and analysis of information; forecasting; development of recommendations for the timely detection of crises. The new method for analyzing crises has been verified using the example of the development of the economic crisis of 2008–2009.

The paper is devoted to the problem of population differentiation by standard of living, which is considered in comparison of the results of applying two approaches to its identification. The author’s theoretical and methodological “framework” for identifying the socio-economic structure of the Russian population by standard of living has been updated. The identification of purchasing power by per capita monetary income of socio-economic groups of the Russian population has been carried out in accordance with the author’s normative statistical approach and an alternative relative median approach. Quantitative estimates of the scale of population groups identified on the basis of per capita monetary incomes and differing in the criteria of purchasing power are presented within the framework of two approaches. The results obtained are considered from the perspective of opportunities for updating social policy.

Currently, a spatial approach is becoming in demand, permeating the entire vertical of documents being developed aimed at implementing the state policy of territorial development. The spatial approach involves the study of the coexistence and interaction of multilevel and single-level objects (elements) forming the economic space. In this regard, there is an urgent need to identify the features of the methodology of spatial economic analysis. The article discusses the features of the formation of the methodology for spatial economic analysis, including: the logic of constructing a research scheme, the identified patterns of coexistence and interaction of objects, the principles of formation, a systematic approach to the use of spatial economic analysis, methods and ways of conducting spatial economic analysis, spatial data information base, instrumental techniques of spatial economic analysis, etc. It is concluded that the methodology of spatial economic analysis acquires a more complete form and provides a relationship between theoretical and practical competencies in the application of the spatial approach in the development of normative documents of the state policy of territorial development.

The article provides an overview of theoretical approaches and justifications for using financial platforms in centralized and decentralized finance. The theoretical review allowed us to identify those characteristic features of financial platforms that, at this historical stage of development, can be used to overcome structural imbalances in the Russian economy and provide industrial clusters with the financial resources necessary to build up their competitive potential. As a result, the author’s approach to building the architecture of a financial platform – a supplier of resources for the implementation of priority projects for the structural transformation of the Russian economy – is proposed.

The author studies the ratio of import prices for individual grades of Russian polyethylene and polypropylene in China to the average for all suppliers to this market in monthly dynamics. The regression analysis provided correct models of the dependence of this indicator on non-economic (the events of February 2022) and market factors, which showed the decisive contribution of geopolitical reasons to the increase in discounts on all Russian polyolefins from 10% to more than 20%. The negative impact of total import volumes on the pricing of Russian polymers in China, which is thus a “buyer’s market” for Russian companies, has been revealed. The described phenomenon is stable, spreads to other large markets for Russian polymers, creates risks for the long-term development of the industry and requires corrective measures of the country’s trade policy.

The article examines the main characteristics of countries’ participation in global value chains, key types, and the extent of their influence on world trade. There is an analysis of Russian and Kazakhstan participation in global value chains as well as the share of foreign added value in the metallurgical industry of Russia and Kazakhstan. The current figures of trade and economic interaction of both countries, including their cooperation in the investment sphere are regarded. Particular attention is paid to the study of metallurgical industry of Kazakhstan as one of the priority directions of industrial production as well as statistics of export and import of specific products of mining and metallurgical sector of Kazakhstan. The article also considers the prospects of Russian and Kazakhstan cooperation expansion in the steel industry, and identifies specific metallurgical goods for which Russia has untapped export potential in the Kazakhstan market.

The article examines a number of trends defining the specific characteristics and the global standing of the creative industries in Japan and South Korea. We highlight Japan’s relative resistance to the processes of digitalization of production and distribution on the cultural markets. In contrast, South Korean popular culture industries have been developing in close cooperation with the information technology industry since the 1990s. We examine the factors that could contribute to the success of the currently expanding collaboration between Japan and South Korea in the production of cultural goods. It is emphasized that the concept of the creative industries in its current form implies the danger of instrumentalization of culture.

This article analyzes international experiences in financing healthcare systems, conducts a study of various healthcare financing models in developed countries. The sources of financing the health care system and ways to ensure its financial sustainability, as well as the level of accessibility of medical services for the population in Sweden, Germany, Austria and South Korea are considered.

According to the research findings, there is no single perfect model; rather, each country must approach healthcare financing based on its economic and demographic conditions.