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The Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences № 1/2026. World Economy and international economic relations. 

 

Denis S. Lesnoy

Postgraduate Student at the Institute of Europe of the RAS, Moscow, Russia

ORCID: 0009-0002-4589-598X

 

STRUCTURAL DIVERGENCE AND SECTORAL SPECIALIZATION OF EU ARCTIC

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The article analyses the evolution of economic structures in the Arctic regions of the European Union – Northern and Eastern Finland, Central Norrland and Upper Norrland (Sweden) – in comparison with national economies in 2000–2023. The essential features of the EU’s northern periphery are established, manifested in low population density, resource dependence, and limited sectoral diversification. Indicators of overall structural divergence and localization coefficients of regional economies are calculated. The results show that all three regions maintain differentiated economic sector profiles compared to the national economies. A conclusion is made about the reasons for the structural divergence due to deep specialization in agriculture, forestry, fisheries and extractive industries. The economies of Northern and Eastern Finland show moderate convergence with the national economy as a whole, as well as gradual diversification, while Central Norrland exhibits stable but moderate divergence. Against this backdrop, the sectoral structure of Upper Norrland is the most structurally unstable, reflecting its deep dependence on extractive industry and sensitivity to global resource market cycles. Based on these results, the author concludes that there is inertia in the development paths of the EU’s Arctic regions, with economies remaining resource-dependent and a ‘treadmill effect’ complicating the implementation of structural policies to diversify peripheral, sparsely populated territories. The results of the study also provide insight into the continuing regional comparative advantages and resource dependence, which are key topics in the field of regional economic development and Arctic policy research.

Keywords: Arctic regions of the European Union, structural divergence, sectoral specialization, resource dependence, peripheral regions.

JEL: R11, R12, F00

EDN: CIWKRO

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2026_1_173_190

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Manuscript submission date: 10.11.2025

Manuscript acceptance date: 24.02.2026

 

For citation:

Lesnoy D.S. Structural divergence and sectoral specialization of EU Arctic // Vestnik Instituta Ekonomiki Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. 2026. № 1. Pp. 173-190. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2026_1_173_190 EDN: CIWKRO

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The Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences № 1/2026. World Economy and international economic relations. 

 

Anna S. Chetverikova

Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Head of the Center for European Studies, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the RАS (IMEMO), Moscow, Russia

ORCID: 0000-0003-4793-4145

 

THE EU FOREIGN TRADE: TRANSFORMATION OF EXPORT FLOWS

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The article presents an analysis of foreign trade’s development of the EU for the last decades. The main tendencies including the weakening of the EU positions in world trade are shown. Using the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA), trends in export competitiveness of the EU member states have been assessed. The key differences between groups of countries including the emergence of new leaders and relatively stable positions of large economies are identified. Based on RCA’s dynamics the conclusion is made that the EU integration of the Visegrad countries hasn’t had a clear positive effect on its export opportunities in terms of competitiveness. It is demonstrated that the most competitive export goods of the EU member states are not always goods of their main traditional global sector specialization. Taking into account three indicators (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, share of key goods in total export, quantity of export goods) groups of countries with different tendencies in its export diversification are identified.

Keywords: European Union, EU member states, foreign trade, export dynamics, competitiveness, export flow specialization, export flow diversification.

JEL: F10

EDN: QECCSC

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2026_1_156_172

References

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Manuscript submission date: 10.11.2025

Manuscript acceptance date: 24.02.2026

 

For citation:

Chetverikova A.S. The EU foreign trade: transformation of export flows // Vestnik Instituta Ekonomiki Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. 2026. № 1 Pp. 156-172. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2026_1_156_172 EDN: QECCSC

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The Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences № 6/2025. World Economy. 

 

Nataliya V. Smorodinskaya

Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Leading Researcher, Institute of Economics of the RAS, Moscow, Russia

ORCID: 0000-0002-4741-9197

 

Daniel D. Katukov

Researcher, Institute of Economics of the RAS, Moscow, Russia

ORCID: 0000-0003-3839-5979

 

Vyacheslav E. Malygin

Senior Researcher, Institute of Economics of the RAS, Moscow, Russia

ORCID: 0000-0003-0545-6456

 

TRUMPONOMICS AS THE APOTHEOSIS OF ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL NATIONALISM

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The paper describes, using the example of the US “America First” policy, a global trend of the 2020s — the revival of economic nationalism (EN). We demonstrate how security imperatives are becoming central to economic strategies, with the weaponization of countries’ economic interdependencies emerging as a distinctive policy instrument. We examine the contemporary model of EN, identifying its key features and instruments, with particular emphasis on technological nationalism as its core component. This analytical framework helps us to reveal the contradictory nature of Trumponomics (the President Trump’s course since 2025), the trap of irreconcilable technological rivalry between the US and China, and the risks of Trump’s ‘bilateral deals” for the global economy. We find that nations’ transition under the EN doctrine from liberal principles of economic openness and free trade to protectionist and self-sufficiency ideologies entails the accumulation of economic inefficiencies. This trend can ultimately undermine countries’ ability to achieve those very goals of sustainable and secure development for which they have made this policy shift.

Keywords: economic nationalism, technological sovereignty, weaponization of interdependencies, securitization, trade war, Trumponomics, US-China rivalry.

JEL: F52, F50, F13

EDN: WGDALA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2025_6_127_146

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Manuscript submission date: 16.10.2025

Manuscript acceptance date: 18.11.2025

 

For citation:

Smorodinskaya N.V., Katukov D.D., Malygin V.E. Trumponomics as the apotheosis of economic and technological nationalism// Vestnik Instituta Ekonomiki Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. 2025. № 6. Pp. 127-146. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2025_6_127_146 EDN: WGDALA

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The Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences № 1/2026. World Economy and international economic relations. 

 

Igor I. Sechin

Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Chief Executive Officer, Rosneft Oil Company, Moscow, Russia

ORCID: 0009-0006-0204-5888

 

THE GLOBAL OIL MARKET AND RUSSIA’S ENERGY STRATEGY UNDER SANCTIONS

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The West’s desire to maintain global economic dominance and curb the growth of developing countries has made the global energy market, and the oil market in particular, an arena of geopolitical confrontation. The study found that, under sanctions pressure, a key element of Russia’s energy strategy was the reorientation of oil exports to fast-growing Asian markets, which helped offset the loss of European customers. Despite the introduction of price caps and logistics restrictions, export volumes remained stable thanks to existing and established infrastructure, as well as long-term contracts with partners. A combination of market diversification, a flexible tax policy, and strengthened partnerships with countries considered undesirable by the West ensured Russia’s resilience under sanctions. At the same time, it is important to recognize that pressure on Russia, as well as the risks of further fragmentation of global energy markets, are increasing. In this regard, there is a rising need to take measures to minimize these risks, including the development of alternative financial mechanisms that reduce dependence on the dollar system.

Keywords: global energy, oil, sanctions, cooperation, strategy, Russia, China, India, Europe, USA.

JEL: F01

EDN: DJHUXN

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2026_1_133_155

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Manuscript submission date: 20.11.2025

Manuscript acceptance date: 24.02.2026

 

For citation:

Sechin I.I. The global oil market and Russia’s energy strategy under sanctions // Vestnik Instituta Ekonomiki Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. 2026. № 1. Pp. 133-155. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2026_1_133_155 EDN: DJHUXN

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The Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences № 6/2025. World Economy. 

 

Daria I. Ushkalova

Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Head of the Center for International Macroeconomics Research and Foreign Relations, Institute of Economics of the RAS, Moscow, Russia

ORCID: 0000-0003-1517-4698

 

D. TRUMP’S TARIFF POLICY AND RUSSIA’S FOREIGN TRADE

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The article analyzes in detail the specifics of the tariff policy of the Trump administration, including its origins, legal grounds and theoretical grounds, non-compliance with the norms of the World Trade Organization, effectiveness in modern conditions and consequences for the global economy and international trade. The conclusion is drawn about the limited effectiveness of this policy in relation to US trade with China. The impact of D. Trump’s tariff policy on Russia’s foreign trade is considered separately.

Keywords: D. Trump’s tariff policy, US foreign trade policy, reciprocal tariffs, US-China trade war, Russian foreign trade.

JEL: F13, F51, F52, F53

EDN: OUOHBB

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2025_6_109_126

References

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Manuscript submission date: 25.10.2025

Manuscript acceptance date: 18.11.2025

 

For citation:

Ushkalova D.I. D. Trump’s tariff policy and Russia’s foreign trade // Vestnik Instituta Ekonomiki Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. 2025. № 6. Pp. 109-126. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2025_6_109_126 EDN: OUOHBB

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  3. Belitskaya A.V., Yakovlev A.A. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: A NEW LEVEL OF A SOCIAL CONTRACT?
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