The aim of the study was: 1) to consider the views of Russians on the state’s role in providing and financing health care services and the success of the government in this area; 2) to identify changes in these views over time; 3) to explore the relationship between the Russians’ opinions and their individual characteristics. The analysis of International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) data collected in 2006 and in 2016 shows that support for the government’s role in providing and financing health care has slightly declined over a ten-year period and a significant part of the respondents are dissatisfied with the government’s success in ensuring treatment to those in need of medical attention. However, despite this, most Russians still support government involvement in health care. Individual characteristics associated with the attitude to the role of the state in healthcare have also been identified.

The problem of reducing technological dependence is considered based on the use of the effect of technology diffusion. Under sanctions, this is one of the important areas of reducing the dependence of the economy. The analysis and prioritization of methods for borrowing technologies is carried out and the role of direct investment in combination with the localization of foreign production is shown. The directions for the most complete use of the effect of technology diffusion are substantiated. The stability and longevity of diffusion processes must be ensured by increasing the level of localization of high-tech foreign production. It is concluded that the further dynamics of technological development and the possibility of achieving a higher level of sovereignty depend on the ability of government and corporate governance bodies to adapt to the rapidly changing conditions of the global economy.

The article examines the main stages in the development of monetary policy over the past century. The author analyzes the impact of crises on changes in its instruments, the growth of the role of banks, and also traces the evolution of the theoretical apparatus of monetary policy under the influence of various economic schools and concepts, starting from the classical school and to the formation of mainstream economic theory. The impact of the development of mainstream economic theory, the 2008 crisis, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic on the ongoing monetary policy is separately considered.

The study presents a hypothesis that real-time news about the planned introduction of sanctions, adversely affects financial markets comparable to de facto imposed sanctions. The research focuses on quantitative evaluation of the relationship between news about sanction plans, their actual implementation, and the subsequent reaction of the currency, stock, and credit markets in Russia. The hypothesis that sanctions news has a negative impact, regardless of sentiment analysis, is confirmed. These news items act as a driving force for market changes, irrespective of the imposition of sanctions. Based on the calculations, the author reaches the following conclusions: 1) Western sanctions are no longer targeted and selective but aimed at maximum restriction of economic ties. 2) The non imposed sanctions of the study demonstrate that news about sanction plans alone has a negative impact and acts as a market-driving force independent of their implementation. The study utilises the Sanctions News Index (SNI), developed to assess the impact of news about sanctions on the Russian financial markets. The Granger method confirms the causal relationship between sanctions news and financial markets as measured by the SNI index. The significance of the sanctions factor, as measured by the SNI index, and its influence on the exchange rate of the Russian ruble is confirmed by constructing a regression model with this indicator as one of the independent variables. A proposed methodology has successfully identified the most impactful sanctions and evaluated their effects on financial markets. This was accomplished by performing quantitative content analysis on the SNI index. This work can be valuable for assessing the impact of sanctions on investment decision-making, and risk management, and understanding the overall mechanism, i.e., how news about potential or actual sanctions affect the economies of entire countries or regions.

Сryptocurrency mining in Russia is not regulated by current legislation today, but the authorities recognize the existence of a business in this area that needs to be legalized. According to the scientific analysis, a low level of development of cryptocurrency mining organization, regulation and taxation issues was revealed. The international experience in this area has been summarized, such activities are generally prohibited, but there are countries where both regulation and taxation are carried out. The author has developed a model for the organization, regulation and taxation of cryptocurrency mining in the Russian Federation using the example of the first cryptocurrency – bitcoin, which involves embedding it into the current legal system without making significant changes in order to reduce time and administrative costs.

Digitalization and innovative development occupy an important place on the agenda of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Comprehensive sanctions against Russia and changes in trade flows caused by the unstable geopolitical situation have created an obvious need for innovation and digital technologies in finance, transport, customs control, including digital integration. The purpose of the study is to determine the innovative potential of the EAEU in the context of digital infrastructure development and the fourth industrial revolution technologies. The study compares the innovation potential of the EAEU with other regional integration association. It is concluded that if there is a welldeveloped digital infrastructure, the further growth of the innovative potential of the EAEU will be complicated by sanctions preventing access to foreign technologies, and will largely depend on the effectiveness of the import policy in Russia.

The article shows the role and place of the Institute of Economics of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the course of developing theoretical problems of the Kosygin reform of 1965 followed by the discussion with the soviet economists. A number of studies reveal that the Institute of Economics was in fact the scientific headquarters of this reform. Since the late 1950s leading scientists of the Institute expressed thoughts and positions that subsequently formed the basis for the ongoing economic reform. The essence of these ideas came down to the need to develop market relations in the Soviet economy of that time and to strengthen the effectiveness of the law of value. The article also shows that in the early 1970s. the Institute of Economics was subjected to severe criticism by party authorities, which resulted in a serious reorganization of the institution.