The aim of this paper is to develop a comprehensive approach to analyzing the global artificial intelligence (AI) market. We present a classification and analysis of the dynamics of key AI technologies, including generative and agent-based AI, computer vision, NLP, and neuromorphic computing. We examine the structure of AI producers and consumers globally and in Russia, identifying patterns in the spatial and sectoral distribution of the market. An analysis of the evolution of the technological structure revealed a characteristic process of pipeline substitution: classical machine learning and computer vision are being replaced by generative AI. A study of the structure of AI producers revealed a transition from the undisputed leadership of the United States to the formation of a multipolar configuration, with China gaining ground and significant players emerging in other countries, including Russia. Consumer analysis revealed significant differences between the global demand structure, dominated by the technology and finance sectors, and the Russian model, dominated by the public sector.

In theory and practice, transport and logistics are often viewed as drivers of economic development. This is especially to be expected in a situation of causal shock – when, after 2022, Russia’s foreign trade “reoriented eastward,” with a significant portion of trade flows now passing through the Russian–Chinese border. What impact does this trade flow have on the development of border regions? Does it act as a true driver of regional development? This is the key question of the study. Using the difference-in-differences method to compare two groups of border regions—those bordering and those not bordering China—before and after 2022, it was shown that, despite a significant increase in both the volume of foreign trade transactions and the turnover of logistics-related organizations, the former turned out to be closer to the status of a “transport periphery” than to a stable “gateway to Asia.” The development of foreign trade was not accompanied by a systemic, faster growth of key indicators in the group of regions bordering China compared to other border regions; the positive effect was localized. This led to the predominantly intensive use of transport and logistics capacity and, as a result, did not translate into a systemic stimulus for the economic development of regions bordering China. The role of transport and logistics as determinants of regional development was “compressed” by the dominance of the instrumental function of transit. The concept of “border as a resource” is not automatically realized under these conditions; it is necessary to align transport policy with the diversification of the economies of border territories.

A new approach to measuring technological independence is proposed. This approach is based on an algorithm for calculating the level of independence for technologies, considering their basic technical and economic characteristics. An indicator is introduced that takes into account technological coverage. The proposed methodological framework offers significant advantages over existing standard approaches, as it eliminates the drawbacks of aggregation, expert (scoring) assessment, and averaging of individual aggregates. It enables the identification of internal bottlenecks in technology development based on their comparable parameters. The use of the proposed indicators and measures of technological sovereignty will improve the validity and effectiveness of decision-making in technology selection and the formation and implementation of technology policy in Russia.

The growth of economic activity in the Arctic region and the increasing competition for its resources necessitate the development of an effective system for ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation. This strategically important region is rich in natural resources and forms the foundation for Russia’s economic sovereignty. However, the development of its infrastructure requires substantial investments, sound management decisions, advanced technologies, and systematic risk management. The article argues for the need to use public-private partnerships as a tool for ensuring economic security in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. A new theoretical and methodological approach to assessing and monitoring the level of economic security at various stages of the life cycle of infrastructure facilities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is proposed.

In Russia, indicators measuring the level of demand for cultural goods are used as key metrics for evaluating the performance of the cultural sector. Over the past two decades, public authorities have attempted to stimulate attendance growth by establishing target values for attendance metrics in official policy documents for the cultural sector. At the same time, the root causes of declining demand for cultural goods have not been fully addressed. As a result, responsibility for achieving these targets is shifted to cultural organizations. The article argues that demand for cultural goods is shaped by a set of framework conditions: socioeconomic, infrastructural and institutional conditions. These framework conditions create barriers for end consumers and are beyond the managerial control of cultural institutions. The study examines the main barriers faced by end consumers (the country’s population) seeking to increase their consumption of cultural goods. These barriers include financial barriers to access to certain cultural goods, the limited spatial accessibility of cultural institutions, and other constraints. The article analyzes not only these demand-side barriers but also their root causes, the removal of which is urgently needed to improve access to cultural goods for broad groups of the population. The study helps to clarify the limits of cultural institutions’ responsibility for attendance outcomes. It also raises the question of the relevance of these metrics as key indicators for assessing the development of the cultural sector and the effectiveness of public support measures.

The paper demonstrates that the evolution of domestic regional economic policy in foreign countries with market economies (primarily in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and its theoretical foundations has been gradual, step- by-step – from simple to complex. Initially, it was believed that market relations and competition between business entities would ensure the proper development of the country’s regions. The situation changed dramatically during the global Great Depression of the late 1920s, thanks to the transition to regional state economic policy in market economies based on Keynesianism. Today, leading foreign countries have established a modern model of domestic regional policy. This model is primarily driven by pragmatism based on neoliberal and neo-institutional approaches.

The development of the radio-electronic industry is one of the factors driving economic growth in a modern state. In this study, the use the examples of Africa and South America – to show that the accumulated comparative advantages of the electronics industry do not pose a barrier to competitors and can be lost quite quickly. While a «late start» in the development of this industry is not a death sentence that a priori deprives the region of comparative advantages in this production. The study’s statistical data analysis revealed factors that enabled the comparative advantages of the African electronics industry, which was initially lagging behind, to surpass those of the South American industry, which initially had deeper competencies. The results allowed us to identify areas for the development of the Russian electronics industry that are necessary to increase its competitiveness on the global stage.

This article examines the experience of the Republic of Belarus in regulating foreign trade in services. It analyzes the key multilateral regulatory acts within the GATS Agreement and the main documents of the national regulatory system that define the rules for international trade in services in the Republic of Belarus. The article systematizes: a) medical, educational, and tourism services in the Republic of Belarus depending on the delivery method; b) trade policy instruments for foreign trade in medical services; and c) types of restrictions on trade in services within the EAEU. Problems in regulating foreign trade in services are identified, and practical recommendations for each level of regulation are proposed for their solution.

The article analyzes the development of green industrial policy as a new form of industrial policy that integrates environmental sustainability objectives with technological development. It systematizes contemporary approaches to defining the concept of «green» industrial policy, its goals, implementation mechanisms, institutions and instruments. The United States is examined as a key case of a large-scale national model of green industrial policy. The study identifies a recent transformation in the US policy framework, marked by a transition from the infrastructure phase of support for «green» industries, focused on large-scale subsidies and demand stimulation, which was characteristic of President J. Biden, to a market model that makes greater use of competition mechanisms, which will be implemented under President D. Trump (since 2025). The analysis demonstrates that this shift does not represent a rollback of the green agenda but rather the emergence of a new phase in which subsidies are time-limited and green industries are expected to remain competitive without long-term state support. The article concludes that environmental objectives are increasingly embedded within the processes of structural economic transformation.