№ 3/2022
| ISSUES OF ECONOMIC THEORY |
P.A. Orekhovsky
SOVIET CORPORATIONS: «DAMNED AND FORGOTTEN»? (LIMITS OF MODERN AUTHORITIVE ECONOMIC DISCOURSE)
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The official discourse of Soviet economic science assumed the impossibility of political struggle and antagonistic conflicts. The state of «workers and peasants» was «classless», being based on public property. Such an understanding of Soviet socialism leads to the actual acceptance that the death of this society was caused by a series of consistent, catastrophic mistakes made by the leadership of the USSR in its economic policy.
The paper shows that the official discourse was completely unsuitable for describing the reality where Soviet corporations functioned. It was the latter who were the main organizers of not only industrial and economic, but also social life. The directors of city-forming enterprises and the administration of ministries and agencies were responsible for the construction and repair of housing, food supply, the kindergartens, hospitals, cultural institutions, and sports facilities. The ministries were in many ways a kind of quasi-states, within which their own formal standards and informal norms of behavior operated, a kind of “corporate spirit” reigned.
Soviet «economic» corporations — ministries and agencies — were political actors with great power and resources. They acted as competitors and symbiotes of the main political «verticals» – the CPSU, the Soviets of Public’s Deputies, the Public’s Control Committee and the Central Control Commission. The latter gradually ceded more and more power to corporations and, as a result, this led to monstrous disproportions in the Soviet economy. However, this economic history of the USSR has not yet been written, and perhaps never will be written.
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O.A. Kislitsyna
ECONOMIC INSECURITY OF THE WORKING POPULATION: CAUSES AND RELATION TO HEALTH
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The article is devoted to identifying the most economically vulnerable groups of working Russians and assessing the impact of economic insecurity on their physical and mental health. Economic insecurity is defined as a state of uncertainty and unpredictability with regard to employment and financial well-being and is measured by such aspects as perceived job insecurity, inability to find employment and financial insecurity. The information base of the study is the data of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, round of 2019. Statistical analysis was based on SPSS logistics regression models.
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V.I. Berezhnoy, M.V. Seroshtan, T.G. Martseva, O.V. Berezhnaya, E.V. Berezhnaya
PROBLEMS OF THE RUSSIAN TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEM UNDER CURRENT CONDITIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF GRAIN EXPORTS)
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The article focuses on the urgency of development of transport and logistics capabilities of the country as an integral factor of competitiveness of the country with participation in the world distribution flows. On the example of the grain market, the existing capacity of large commercial ports and prospects of expansion of the volume and intensity of their activity are considered, which also implies a moderate price policy for both distribution operations in the seaport area and transport logistics terminals and routes of cargo on the road to Russian ports. The key result of the scientific research was: the functional and logistic relationship between two main types of transport for the transportation of grain through the territory of Russia was revealed; the technical potential and capacity of grain transhipment by key domestic export oriented ports were determined; the problems of functioning of the distribution complex of the port infrastructure were highlighted. The need to expand the export potential of ports and railways by increasing technical capacities and improving distribution logistics were pointed out, regardless of external threats that may currently hamper foreign trade relations. The unique geographical opportunities of Russia were underlined as the main competitive advantage of our country that should be used in modern politics and economy.
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Z.U. Medzhidov
FORMS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN RUSSIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the forms of public-private partnership used in domestic practice in Russia. The results of the study is a systematization of information on the forms of public-private partnership in Russia, in particular their regulatory frameworks, advantages, disadvantages and implementation mechanism, terms of conclusion, scope of application, as well as updated information on the number of projects being implemented. In conclusion, it is underlined that the current political and economic situation increases the burden on the country’s budget actualizing the need to realize the potential of private enterprise initiatives. One of the effective mechanisms in this case can be a public-private partnership.
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N.N. Volkova, E.I. Romanyuk
ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN THE RUSSIAN REGIONS’ AGGREGATED INNOVATION INDEX
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This work continues a series of studies on innovative development of the regions of the Russian Federation. A comparative analysis of the aggregated index of innovative development of regions in 2008, 2012 and 2019 was conducted on the basis of the author’s methodology. The same set of indicators and the same years are purposely used in the study. It was shown that the aggregated index for the Russian Federation for 2019 did not increase vs the one for 2008. At the same time, it is highlighted that the convergence of the regional indices is not only due to the growth of the index in lagging regions, but also as a result of its decline in the advanced ones.
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S.A. Ilyina
SEMICONDUCTOR MARKET: GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN AND DYNAMICS IN A CRISIS
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This article examines the features of the global semiconductor value chain and identifies its vulnerabilities. The characteristics of the key players in the semiconductor market and the regional structure of the semiconductor industry are presented. The main factors of the emergence and aggravation of the global shortage of semiconductors are identified. The analysis of the sanctions pressure on Russia in terms of blocking the supply of chips and access to modern technologies for their production, as well as the possibilities of a symmetrical response to sanctions.
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A.P. Sviridov, I.L. Kirilyuk
SPECIFIC FEATURES AND PROSPECTS FOR THE TRANSITION TO XBRL FORMAT AND DATA-DRIVEN REPORTING IN THE RUSSIAN FINANCIAL SECTOR
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The article analyzes the features and prospects of the transition of collecting information from a system based on reporting forms (form-driven) to a system based on data sets (datadriven). The transition is undertaken by the Bank of Russia for controlled organizations (banks and non-credit financial institutions). The implementation of the XBRL reporting format plays a fundamental role in this process. The prospects of the transition to the new format to expand the capabilities of big data processing are shown. It is assumed that the reduction in the number of financial institutions and the introduction of XBRL are part of the same process for integrating the financial sector with the Bank of Russia.
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Y.V. Mishchenko
CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF JAPAN-US COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CHINA’S ACTIVE REGIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY
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The article analyses the current state of trade relations of Japan with the United States and China. Despite the solidarity of Japan’s key positions with the US regarding the intention to counter the growth of China’s geopolitical influence in the region and the world, China remains an important trade and economic partner of Japan, and so Japan will avoid breaking relations with China or its radical polarization. China’s expansion in the world and in the Asia-Pacific region certainly has some impact on how Tokyo and Washington intend to shape their relationship in the near term. But China is already a more important trading partner for Japan than the US in a number of ways. Therefore, it seems highly unlikely that Japan (a traditional US ally in the region) will break or seriously cut economic ties with Beijing to strengthen its alliance with Washington.
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B.O. Tursunov
EVALUATION OF THE RECOVERY INDUSTRIAL GROWTH INDICATORS IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CORONACRISIS
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The article presents a method for evaluation of the dynamic parameters of industrial production in the pre-crisis period and during the “waves” of coronavirus pandemic in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Using multidimensional statistical analysis, a model of industrial dynamics of Uzbekistan has been constructed to interpolate the recovery growth of Uzbekistan’s industry. Estimates of the values of integral indicators of production growth in the post-crisis period for different industries have been obtained. They also took into account both the features of short-term production fluctuations and long-term trends in dynamics for different industries.
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| PUBLICATIONS OF YOUNG AUTHORS |
A.B. Sokolov
SPECIAL INVESTMENT CONTRACT AS A TOOL TO SUPPORT TECHNOLOGICAL MODERNIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
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The article considers the application of the special investment contract (SPIC) as a tool to support the technological modernization of the Russian national economy. Russian and foreign practices of concluding and using such contracts are analysed. A comparative analysis of the first and second models of SPIC was conducted. It is shown that the second model of contracts facilitates the growth of private investment in Russian medium and high-tech projects. The factors limiting the conclusion of special investment contracts have been determined. The proposals to expand their use as a tool to support technological modernization are substantiated.
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